
Structural Performance of Innovative Demountable Shear Connectors for Automated Prefabricated Composite Construction
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The European Commission's Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP) aims to make Europe sustainable and climate-neutral by 2050, emphasizing the need for the construction sector to adopt sustainable practices like reuse and Design for Disassembly (DfD). Given the sector's significant environmental impact, regulations such as the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) promote material reuse and a Whole Life Cycle Approach. Innovative solutions, like demountable shear connectors, are crucial to enabling the disassembly and reuse of structural components, supporting a circular economy. Steel-concrete composite structures potentially can use prefabricated solutions for efficient on-site assembly, if demountable connecting solutions are employed, enabling ease of assembly and eventually disassembly minimizing/avoiding destructive operations. Moreover, demountable solutions are tailored to further explore robotization and automation. Recent studies have presented multiple solutions for improving demountable shear connectors, with a focus on addressing the issue of clearance in bolted connections. This investigation tested different configurations of demountable shear connectors using push-out tests according to EN 1994-1-1 standards. Traditional welded shear studs (19 mm) were included as a reference for comparison. The demountable solutions employed M16 10.9 bolts with hexagon and countersunk heads. The first two configurations were machined from traditional studs, while the third used a steel tube welded to a long nut. All configurations were embedded in concrete and connected via M16 10.9 bolts. The testing protocol included loading/unloading cycles and disassembly/assembly operations to assess the deconstruction potential of these solutions. The shear connector comprising the long nut welded to a steel tube showed similar resistance to the welded shear connector, while presenting significantly higher ductility and lower initial stiffness. Finally, detailed finite element models were developed to accurately reproduce the observed structural behaviour, including fracture.