SDSS 2025

WAAM Integrated Plug-and-Play Beam-to-Column Connection

  • Tankova, Trayana (Delft University of Technology)
  • Veljkovic, M. (Delft University of Technology)

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With the growing awareness of climate change, sustainable construction practices are more important than ever due to the substantial environmental impact of buildings. While reducing material use is valuable, a shift toward designing structures for potential easy reuse offers even greater sustainability benefits. This paper investigates a range of plug-and-play beamto- column connections manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a technique that optimizes material placement and minimizes waste by only adding material where structurally necessary. These plug-and-play connections are designed to facilitate rapid assembly and disassembly, enabling reuse and significantly simplifying the multiple functional lifecycles of steel structures. To evaluate the practical benefits of these innovative connections, a comparative analysis is conducted against conventional beam-to-column connections. This comparison focuses on structural performance, environmental impact, and economic feasibility, providing a comprehensive assessment of possible alternatives. The findings highlight the advantages of an optimal WAAM-designed plug-and-play solution, which reduces the carbon footprint and material waste compared to conventional connections and offers cost savings over time due to their reusability and ease of execution. This study underlines the potential of plug-andplay connections as a future-oriented solution in sustainable construction with a positive impact on the environment and economic efficiency.